Assembly language teaches how a computer works at the machine (i.e., register) level. It is therefore necessary to teach assembly language to all those who might later be involved in computer architecture-either by specifying computers for a particular application,or by designing new architectures. Moreover, the von Neumann machine's sequential nature teaches students the linmitation of conventional architectures and, indirectly, leads them on to unconventional architectures (parallel processors, Harvard architectures, data flow computers, and even neural networks
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